Universitas Budi Luhur di Jakarta

Parkir

Kami menyediakan area parkir mobil & motor yang luas, nyaman & aman yang dilindungi oleh asuransi kerusakan.

area parkir motor

Universitas Budi Luhur di Jakarta

Registrasi Mahasiswa Baru

Universitas Budi Luhur dan Akademi Sekretari Budi Luhur telah membuka pendaftaran mahasiswa baru reguler tahun ajaran 2013/2014  mulai tanggal 19 Oktober 2012.
Informasi Pendaftaran dapat menghubungi :
Customer Service
021.5853753 – ext. : 285 / 286 / 287 / 288
II. PENDAFTARAN & KEGIATAN MAHASISWA BARU

Jenis Pendaftaran :
-    Program Subsidi Pendidikan
-    Beasiswa Prestasi Akademik/Non akademik
-    Kerjasama Sekolah/Instansi
Pada saat mendaftar calon mahasiswa baru akan mendapat :
- Kwitansi Pendaftaran
- Kwitansi Daftar Ulang (bila nilai rapor smt IV atau V atau V ≥ 7)
Pada saat daftar ulang mahasiswa akan mendapat :
-  Berkas isian Data Mahasiswa Baru
-  Surat Pernyataan + Tata Tertib
-  Jadwal pengembalian berkas dan persyaratan
Persyaratan dokumen daftar ulang  :
Persyaratan :
-   Fotocopy Ijazah dan Surat Keterangan Hasil Ujian Nasional (SKHUN) yang telah dilegalisir sekolah
-   Materai Rp.6000 : 3 lembar (untuk Surat Pernyataan dan Tata Tertib)
II. ORIENTASI PENDIDIKAN DAN INAUGURASI
- Kegiatan Orientasi Pendidikan dan Inaugurasi

Universitas Budi Luhur di Jakarta

Student Lounge

student lounge

Universitas Budi Luhur Terbaik di Jakarta

Fakultas Ilmu Komunikasi (FIKOM)

FIKOM memiliki 4 konsentrasi atau peminatan yaitu :

• Public Relations (S1)
• Broadcast Jurnalism (S1)
• Visual Communications (S1)
• Creative Advertising (S1)

FIKOM menerapkan kurikulum dengan berbasis IT (Cyber), mengingat Universitas Budi Luhur merupakan kampus yang unggul sebelumnya dalam bidang IT. FIKOM juga memberikan kesempatan kepada mahasiswanya untuk mendapatkan keahlian yang lebih mendalam dan bersertifikat, seperti keahlian bidang Penyiaran di Jakarta Broadcasting School (JBS). Dosen-dosen FIKOM, minimal merupakan lulusan S-2 dan sebagian besar adalah praktisi di bidang komunikasi. FIKOM juga selalu memberi kesempatan kepada mahasiswa untuk mengenal lebih jauh dengan dunia kerja. FIKOM memiliki jadwal kunjungan observasi rutin, magang, dan riset di beberapa stasiun TV (Metro TV, SCTV, RCTI, Trans TV, Trans 7, TPI, TV One).

Universitas Budi Luhur Terbaik di Jakarta

Lab Komputer

Kami memiliki laboratorium komputer lengkap untuk berbagai kebutuhan agar dapat menunjang proses pembelajaran yang lebih baik dan modern, kami memiliki 15 laboratorium yang dapat digunakan oleh mahasiswa.

Universitas Budi Luhur Terbaik di Jakarta

Lab Arsitektur

Tersedia Lab. Arsitektur beserta meja gambar dan sarana praktek lainnya bagi mahasiswa Fakultas Teknik Universitas Budi Luhur.

Universitas Budi Luhur Terbaik di Jakarta

Kantin

Kantin bersih dan nyaman, dilengkapi dengan Hotspot Area.

Universitas Budi Luhur Terbaik di Jakarta

Gedung Pertemuan

Universitas Budi Luhur Terbaik di Jakarta

Gedung Kuliah

Be Sociable, Share!

Universitas Budi Luhur Terbaik di Jakarta

Event

Be Sociable, Share!

Universitas Budi Luhur Terbaik di Jakarta

Sambutan Rektor

Message from the Rector

It is my great pleasure to introduce you to the BUDI LUHUR UNIVERSITY (BLU) through this university profile.
BLU, under the management of Budi Luhur Foundation is a nationally recognized institution with excellent teaching. The university being the pioneer among private universities in Indonesia offering computer studies, is consistently judged as one of Indonesia’s best higher educational institution in computer studies and is still highly respected.
BLU, founded on 1 April 1979 by Drs. Djaetun. HS and dedicated to his beloved country, Indonesia, is aimed at helping the goverment in preparing qualified human resources that are now badly needed, because the key to win the tight competition in this global era is of course by being gualified and professional ini our profession. We realize that to be professional and qualified in a profession needs great efforts.
This will be the reason why now BLU has a global outlook in preparing its future. We also realize that now it is very important for the university to create institutional links with overseas universities, for both  student and staff exchanges, for teaching and for research. By doing this we feel sure that the programs we offer to our students can be designed professionally to meet the demand of the global needs.

Prof. Dr. Tb. Ronny Rahman Nitibaskara

Universitas Budi Luhur Terbaik di Jakarta

Visi dan Misi

VISI

Menjadi Universitas unggulan di Indonesia berbasis teknologi Informasi dan komunikasi untuk mencapai standar mutu tertinggi pada tahun 2020 yang menghasilkan lulusan cerdas berbudi luhur

MISI

1. Menyelenggarakan pendidikan berbasis kompetensi untuk menghasilkan lulusan yang unggul dan mampu bersaing di Indonesia.
2. Memfasilitasi dan memotivasi sivitas akademika untuk dapat memiliki hak atas kekayaan intelektual sebagai aktualitas pencapaian mutu penelitian.
3. Melakukan kegiatan yang bermanfaat bagi kesejahteraan masyarakat luas sebagai bentuk nyata kepedulian universitas.
4. Menyelenggarakan kerjasama dengan institusi pemerintah maupun swasta dengan prinsip kesetaraan.
5. Menyelenggarakan perguruan tinggi dengan akuntabilitas, kemandirian dan tata kelola berbasis sistem mutu.
6. Mewujudkan manajemen akademik yang mampu meningkatkan kesejahteraan ekonomi dan kualitas hidup seluruh sivitas akademika.

Universitas Budi Luhur Terbaik di Jakarta

Struktur Organisasi

Struktur organisasi Universitas Budi Luhur dirancang secara spesifik, terutama untuk dapat mendukung Visi dan Misi yang telah dicanangkan.
Organisasi Universitas Budi Luhur terdiri dari:

• Unsur Pimpinan (Rektorat)
• Unsur Pelaksana Akademik (Fakultas)
• Unsur Pelaksana Administrasi (Biro)
• Unsur Penunjang

Unsur Pimpinan (Rektorat)
Universitas Budi Luhur dipimpin oleh seorang Rektor dan dibantu Rektor II serta beberapa deputi, yaitu:

• Rektor : Prof. Dr. TB. Ronny Rahman Nitibaskara
• Rektor II : Dr. M. Hartun Sunjata, M. Sc
• Deputi Rektor I : Drs. Soeroso, M. Sc
• Deputi Rektor II : Dra. Ririt Roeswidiah
• Deputi Rektor III : Ir. Hari Soetanto, M. Sc
• Direktur Bidang Akademik : Ir. Bullion Dragon Andah, M. Sc
• Direktur Bidang Kemahasiswaan, Karir & Alumni : Deni Mahdiana, MM, M. Kom
• Direktur Lembaga Penjamin Mutu : Drs. Eko Polosoro, M. Eng, MM
• Direktur Lembaga Riset & PPM : Dr. Ir. Nazori AZ, MT
• Direktur Bidang Promosi dan Kerjasama : Bruri Trya Sartana, MM, M. Kom
• Direktur Bidang Teknologi Informasi : Utomo Budiyanto, M. Kom, M. Sc
• Direktur Administrasi Keuangan : Suryanto, S. Kom, MM

Unsur Pelaksana Akademik (Fakultas)

• Fakultas Teknologi Informasi
  • Dekan Fakultas Teknologi Informasi : Goenawan Brotosaputro, S. Kom, M. Sc
  • Wakil Dekan Fakultas Teknologi Informasi : Mardi Hardjianto, M. Kom
  • Ketua Program Studi Teknik Informatika : M. Ainur Rony, MTI
  • Sekretaris Prodi Teknik Informatika : Achmad Solichin, MTI
  • Ketua Program Studi Sistem Informasi : Hendri Irawan, MTI
  • Sekretaris Prodi Sistem Informasi : Anita Diana, M. Kom
  • Ketua Program Studi Sistem Komputer : Yani Prabowo, S. Kom, M. Si
  • Ketua Program Studi Diploma 3 Unggulan : Joko Christian, M. Kom

• Fakultas Ekonomi
  • Dekan Fakultas Ekonomi : Ir. Ratnaningsih AW, MBA
  • Ketua Program Studi Manajemen : Pambuko Naryoto, SE, MM
  • Ketua Program Studi Akuntansi : Dicky Arisudhana, SE, MM

• Fakultas Teknik
  • Dekan Fakultas Teknik : Sujono, MT
  • Ketua Program Studi Arsitektur : Putri Suryandari, ST, M. Ars
  • Ketua Program Studi Elektro : Rummi Santi Rama Sirait, MT

• Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik
  • Dekan Fakultas Ilmu Sosial & Ilmu Politik : Rusdiyanta, S. IP, M. Si
  • Ketua Program Studi Ilmu Hubungan Internasional : Yusran, M. Si

• Fakultas Ilmu Komunikasi
  • Dekan Fakultas Ilmu Komunikasi : Dra. Liza Dwi Ratna Dewi, M. Si
  • Ketua Program Studi Ilmu Komunikasi : Rocky Prasetyo Jati, M. Si
  • Sekretaris Prodi Ilmu Komunikasi : Imelda, M. Kom

• Program Pascasarjana
  • Direktur Program Pascasarjana Teknologi Informasi : Dr. Moedjiono, M. Sc
  • Kaprodi Magister Komputer : Dr. Ir. Nazori AZ, MT
  • Kaprodi Magister Manajemen : Dr. Setyani Dwi Lestari, ME
  • Kaprodi Magister Akuntansi : Dr. Sugeng Riyadi, Ak., M. Si
  • Sekretaris Program Pascasarjana : Rusdah, M. Kom

Unsur Pelaksana Administrasi (Biro)

• Ka. Biro Pelayanan Administrasi Akademik dan Kemahasiswaan : Joko Sutrisno, M. Kom
• Ka. Biro Sistem Informasi : Gandung Triyono, M. Kom
• Ka. Biro Keuangan : Widodo MS, S. Kom
• Ka. Biro Umum dan SDM : Dra. Ririt Roeswidiah
• Ka. Biro Riset & Pengabdian Pada Masyarakat : Ir. Yan Everhard, MT
• Ka. Biro Penjamin Mutu : Dra. Dwi Achadiani, M. Kom

Universitas Budi Luhur Terbaik di Jakarta

  SEJARAH UNIVERSITAS BUDI LUHUR

Cerdas dan berbudi luhur merupakan dua hal yang terpadu yang tidak terpisahkan, karena kecerdasan tanpa dilandasi budi yang luhur akan cenderung digunakan untuk membodohi dan mencelakakan orang lain, sebaliknya budi luhur tanpa diimbangi kecerdasan akan merupakan sasaran kejahatan dan penindasan dari orang lain.

Untuk mendidik tenaga trampil yang cerdas dan berbudi Luhur itu, maka pada tanggal 1 April 1979 didirikan Akademi Ilmu Komputer (AIK) Budi Luhur di Jakarta, beralamat di Jl. Budi Utomo No. 11 Jakarta Pusat. Akademi ini bertujuan menghasilkan tenaga-tenaga trampil atau professional di bidang komputer guna memenuhi kebutuhan pembangunan nasional.

Setelah dua tahun diperjuangkan, pada tanggal 11 Agustus 1981 AIK Budi Luhur mendapatkan izin operasional dari pemerintah. Dalam surat izin operasional itu, pemerintah mengubah nama AIK Budi Luhur menjadi Akademi Pengetahuan Komputer (APK) Budi Luhur. Nama ini digunakan, ketika pada tanggal 5 Januari 1983 berdasarkan keputusan Mendikbud No. 018/O/1983 APK Budi Luhur mendapat status terdaftar. Dengan status terdaftar yang dimiliki, APK Budi Luhur berhasil menyelenggarakan ujian sarjana muda komputer dengan dosen penguji dari ITB. Dalam ujian negara itu APK Budi Luhur meluluskan sarjana-sarjana muda komputer pertama di Indonesia.

Berkenaan dengan siapnya pembangunan kampus tahap pertama (dengan dua unit gedung berlantai dua), maka pada tanggal 17 Agustus 1985 APK Budi Luhur pindah dari Jl. Budi Utomo No. 11 ke jalan Cileduk Raya, Pertukangan Utara, Kebayoran Lama.

Dengan makin mantapnya penyelenggaraan pendidikan di APK Budi Luhur, dan makin besarnya minat dan kebutuhan keahlian di bidang komputer, maka Yayasan Pendidikan Budi Luhur pada bulan Agustus 1985 mendirikan Akademi Teknik Elektro Komputer (ATEK) Budi Luhur dan Akademi Akuntansi Komputer (AAK) Budi Luhur. Tujuan berdirinya ATEK Budi Luhur adalah menyiapkan tenaga-tenaga yang mampu memegang jabatan dan tugas-tugas yang memerlukan pengetahuan teknik elektro komputer, sedangkan AAK Budi Luhur bertujuan menyiapkan tenaga-tenaga yang mampu memegang jabatan dan tugas-tugas yang memerlukan pengetahuan akuntansi dan komputer.

Dengan kemajuan-kemajuan yang dicapai oleh APK Budi Luhur, Pemerintah memberikan kenaikan status (akreditasi) dari terdaftar menjadi diakui berdasarkan Keputusan Mendikbud No. 0355/I/1986 tanggal 13 Mei 1986. Pemberian status diakui itu mengakibatkan bergantinya nama APK Budi Luhur menjadi Akademik Manajemen Informatika dan Komputer (AMIK) Budi Luhur.

Sejalan dengan meningkatnya kebutuhan dan perhatian masyarakat terhadap ilmu komputer (computer science), serta makin meningkatnya permintaan sarjana muda komputer untuk melanjutkan ke jenjang Strata-1 (S1) didirikan Sekolah Tinggi Pengetahuan Komputer (STPK) Budi Luhur di semester genap  tahun akademik 1985-1986.

Dengan makin mantapnya STPK Budi Luhur dan dengan didorong oleh semua pihak, di tahun 1986 Yayasan Pendidikan Budi Luhur mendirikan Sekolah Tinggi Elektro Komputer  (STEK) Budi Luhur dan Sekolah Tinggi Akuntasi Komputer (STAK) Budi Luhur untuk menyelenggarakan program strata satu (S1) di bidangnya masing-masing.

Di awal tahun 1987, Yayasan Pendidikan Budi Luhur merasa perlu untuk menyederhanakan kelembagaan perguruan tinggi dilingkungannya (STPK, STEK, dan STAK Budi Luhur) ke dalam suatu wadah. Maka berdasarkan Keputusan Mendikbud nomor 0720/I/1987, STPK, STEK, dan STAK Budi Luhur diintegrasikan ke dalam Sekolah Tinggi Manajemen Informatika dan Komputer (STMIK) Budi Luhur dengan jurusan dan program studi sebagai berikut :

1. Jurusan Manajemen Informatika, dengan program studi :
   a. Manajemen Informatika (D-III Diakui dan S-1 Terdaftar)
   b. Komputerisasi Akuntansi (D-III dan S1 Terdaftar). 
2. Jurusan Teknik Informatika dengan program studi Teknik Informatika (S-1 Terdaftar).
3. Jurusan Teknik Komputer, dengan program studi  Teknik Komputer (D III dan S-1 Terdaftar).

Didorong oleh keinginan untuk meningkatkan pelayanan kepada mahasiswa Komputerisasi Akuntansi yang makin bertambah, berdasarkan Keputusan Ketua Yayasan Pendidikan Budi Luhur Nomor 343/KBYL/XI/1989 tanggal 30 November 1989, program studi komputerisasi akuntansi pada jurusan Manajemen Informatika ditingkatkan menjadi jurusan  Komputerisasi Akuntansi.

Dalam upaya diversifikasi usaha, dan sehubungan dengan selesainya pembangunan gedung Unit III dan IV, pada tanggal 1 April 1997 Yayasan Pendidikan Budi Luhur mendirikan Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi (STIE) Budi Luhur. Dan setahun kemudian setelah selesai membangun gedung Unit V, pada tanggal 1 April 1998 didirikan Sekolah Tinggi Teknik (STT) Budi Luhur. Dan kemudian pada tanggal 1 April 1999 Sekolah Tinggi Teknik (STT) Budi Luhur didirikan setelah gedung Unit VI selesai dibangun, Dalam rangka efisiensi, empat sekolah tinggi (STMIK, STIE, STISIP, STT) sesuai dengan Keputusan Menteri Pendidikan Nasional 144/D/0/2002 tanggal 7 Juni 2002 diintegrasikan menjadi Universitas Budi Luhur.

Globalisasi dan krisis yang berkepanjangan memberikan dampak dalam persaingan tenaga kerja profesional yang semakin ketat. Untuk itu kita perlu membekali diri dengan kemampuan akademis maupun praktis agar menjadi tenaga kerja yang tangguh yang terus dapat bertahan dalam persaingan, khususnya dalam meningkatkan karier.

Untuk itu Universitas Budi Luhur membuka kesempatan untuk dapat menambah pengetahuan dalam bidang Teknologi Informasi, Ekonomi, Sosial Politik, Komunikasi dan Teknik yang pada saat ini masih merupakan pilihan teratas dalam peningkatan karier.

Persaingan bebas dan ketat di dunia pendidikan, perkembangan Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi (ICT) dan peningkatan pengetahuan konsumen mendorong kami melakukan peningkatan kualitas  dan kepuasan layanan terbukti dengan didapatkannya sertifikasi sistem penjaminan mutu internasional ISO 9001:2000.

History

Peasants bowling in front of a tavern in the 17th century

There are many forms of bowling, with one of the most recent being ten-pin bowling, also known as the norm. The earliest most primitive forms of bowling can be dated back to Ancient Egypt and the Roman Empire. Indeed, about 2,000 years ago a similar game evolved between Roman legionaries: it entailed tossing stone objects as close as possible to other stone objects (this game became popular with Roman soldiers, and eventually evolved into Italian Bocce, or outdoor bowling).

The first standardized rules for pin bwere established in New York City, on September 9, 1895. Today, bowling is enjoyed by 95 million people in more than ninety countries worldwide and continues to grow through entertainment media such as video games for home consoles and handheld devices.

History

1940s–1960s

Skateboarder in Grants Pass, Oregon

Skateboarding was probably born sometime in the late 1940s or early 1950s when surfers in California wanted something to surf when the waves were flat. No one knows who made the first board; it seems that several people came up with similar ideas at around the same time. These first skateboarders started with wooden boxes or boards with roller skate wheels attached to the bottom. The boxes turned into planks, and eventually companies were producing decks of pressed layers of wood – similar to the skateboard decks of today. During this time, skateboarding was seen as something to do for fun besides surfing, and was therefore often referred to as "Sidewalk Surfing".

The first manufactured skateboards were ordered by a Los Angeles, California surf shop, meant to be used by surfers in their downtime. The shop owner, Bill Richard, made a deal with the Chicago Roller Skate Company to produce sets of skate wheels, which they attached to square wooden boards. Accordingly, skateboarding was originally denoted "sidewalk surfing" and early skaters emulated surfing style and maneuvers. Crate scooters preceded skateboards, and were borne of a similar concept, with the exception of having a wooden crate attached to the nose (front of the board), which formed rudimentary handlebars.

A number of surfing manufacturers such as Makaha started building skateboards that resembled small surfboards, and assembling teams to promote their products. The popularity of skateboarding at this time spawned a national magazine, Skateboarder Magazine, and the 1965 international championships were broadcast on national television. The growth of the sport during this period can also be seen in sales figures for Makaha, which quoted $10 million worth of board sales between 1963 and 1965 (Weyland, 2002:28). Yet by 1966 the sales had dropped significantly (ibid) and Skateboarder Magazine had stopped publication. The popularity of skateboarding dropped and remained low until the early 1970s.

1970s

A skateboarder in Tallahassee, Florida

In the early 1970s, Frank Nasworthy started to develop a skateboard wheel made of polyurethane, calling his company Cadillac Wheels. Prior to this new material, skateboards wheels were metal or "clay" wheels. The improvement in traction and performance was so immense that from the wheel's release in 1972 the popularity of skateboarding started to rise rapidly again, causing companies to invest more in product development. Nasworthy commissioned artist Jim Evans to do a series of paintings promoting Cadillac Wheels, they were featured as ads and posters in the resurrected Skateborder magazine, and proved immensely popular in promoting the new style of skateboarding. Many companies started to manufacture trucks (axles) specially designed for skateboarding, reached in 1976 by Tracker Trucks. As the equipment became more maneuverable, the decks started to get wider, reaching widths of 10 inches (250 mm) and over, thus giving the skateboarder even more control. Banana board is a term used to describe skateboards made of polypropylene that were skinny, flexible, with ribs on the underside for structural support and very popular during the mid-1970s. They were available in myriad colors, bright yellow probably being the most memorable, hence the name.

Manufacturers started to experiment with more exotic composites and metals, like fiberglass and aluminium, but the common skateboards were made of maple plywood. The skateboarders took advantage of the improved handling of their skateboards and started inventing new tricks. Skateboarders, most notably Ty Page, Bruce Logan, Bobby Piercy, Kevin Reed, and the Z-Boys (so-called because of their local Zephyr surf shop) started to skate the vertical walls of swimming pools that were left empty in the 1976 California drought. This started the vert trend in skateboarding. With increased control, vert skaters could skate faster and perform more dangerous tricks, such as slash grinds and frontside/backside airs. This caused liability concerns and increased insurance costs to skatepark owners, and the development (first by Norcon, then more successfully by Rector) of improved knee pads that had a hard sliding cap and strong strapping proved to be too-little-too-late. During this era, the "freestyle" movement in skateboarding began to splinter off and develop into a much more specialized discipline, characterized by the development of a wide assortment of flat-ground tricks.

As a result of the "vert" skating movement, skate parks had to contend with high-liability costs that led to many park closures. In response, vert skaters started making their own ramps, while freestyle skaters continued to evolve their flatland style. Thus by the beginning of the 1980s, skateboarding had once again declined in popularity.

1980s

Skateboarder at Skateistan in Kabul, Afghanistan

This period was fueled by skateboard companies that were run by skateboarders. The focus was initially on vert ramp skateboarding. The invention of the no-hands aerial (later known as the ollie) by Alan Gelfand in Florida in 1976, and the almost parallel development of the grabbed aerial by George Orton and Tony Alva in California, made it possible for skaters to perform airs on vertical ramps. While this wave of skateboarding was sparked by commercialized vert ramp skating, a majority of people who skateboarded during this period didn't ride vert ramps. As most people could not afford to build vert ramps, or did not have access to nearby ramps, street skating increased in popularity.

Freestyle skating remained healthy throughout this period, with pioneers such as Rodney Mullen inventing many of the basic tricks that would become the foundation of modern street skating, such as the "Impossible" and the "kickflip". The influence that freestyle exerted upon street skating became apparent during the mid-1980s; however, street skating was still performed on wide vert boards with short noses, slide rails, and large soft wheels. In response to the tensions created by this confluence of skateboarding "genres", an rapid evolution occurred in the late 1980s to accommodate the street skater. Since few skateparks were available to skaters at this time, street skating pushed skaters to seek out shopping centers and public and private property as their "spot" to skate (public opposition, in which businesses, governments, and property owners have banned skateboarding on properties under their jurisdiction or ownership, would progressively intensify over the following decades). By 1992, only a small fraction of skateboarders remained as a highly technical version of street skating, combined with the decline of vert skating, produced a sport that lacked the mainstream appeal to attract new skaters.

1990s–present

The current generation of skateboards is dominated by street skateboarding. Most boards are about 7¹⁄₄ to 8 inches (180 to 200 mm) wide and 30 to 32 inches (760 to 810 mm) long. The wheels are made of an extremely hard polyurethane, with hardness (durometer) approximately 99A. The wheel sizes are relatively small so that the boards are lighter, and the wheel's inertia is overcome quicker, thus making tricks more manageable. Board styles have changed dramatically since the 1970s but have remained mostly alike since the mid 1990s. The contemporary shape of the skateboard is derived from the freestyle boards of the 1980s with a largely symmetrical shape and relatively narrow width. This form had become standard by the mid '90s. Go Skateboarding Day was created in 2004 by a group of skateboarding companies to promote skateboarding and help make it more noticeable to the world. It is celebrated every year on June 21.

Cricket

 

Cricket is a bat-and-ball game played between two teams of 11 players on a field, at the centre of which is a rectangular 22-yard long pitch. One team bats, trying to score as many runs as possible while the other team bowls and fields, trying to dismiss the batsmen and thus limit the runs scored by the batting team. A run is scored by the striking batsman hitting the ball with his bat, running to the opposite end of the pitch and touching the crease there without being dismissed. The teams switch between batting and fielding at the end of an innings.
In professional cricket the length of a game ranges from 20 overs of six bowling deliveries per side to Test cricket played over five days. The Laws of Cricket are maintained by the International Cricket Council (ICC) and the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) with additional Standard Playing Conditions for Test matches and One Day Internationals.
Cricket was first played in southern England in the 16th century. By the end of the 18th century, it had developed into the national sport of England. The expansion of the British Empire led to cricket being played overseas and by the mid-19th century the first international matches were being held. The ICC, the game's governing body, has 10 full members. The game is played particularly in Australasia, the Indian subcontinent, the West Indies, Southern Africa and the British Isles.

Sumo

 

Sumo is a competitive full-contact wrestling sport where a wrestler (rikishi) attempts to force another wrestler out of a circular ring (dohyō) or to touch the ground with anything other than the soles of the feet. The sport originated in Japan, the only country where it is practiced professionally. It is generally considered to be a gendai budō (a modern Japanese martial art), though this definition is incorrect as the sport has a history spanning many centuries. Many ancient traditions have been preserved in sumo, and even today the sport includes many ritual elements, such as the use of salt purification, from the days when sumo was used in the Shinto religion. Life as a rikishi is highly regimented, with rules laid down by the Sumo Association. Most sumo wrestlers are required to live in communal "sumo training stables" known in Japanese as heya where all aspects of their daily lives—from meals to their manner of dress—are dictated by strict tradition.

Chess

 

Chess is a two-player board game played on a chessboard, a square checkered board with 64 squares arranged in an eight-by-eight grid. It is one of the world's most popular games, played by millions of people worldwide at home, in clubs, online, by correspondence, and in tournaments.

Each player begins the game with sixteen pieces: one king, one queen, two rooks, two knights, two bishops, and eight pawns. Each of the six piece types moves differently. Pieces are used to attack and capture the opponent's pieces, with the object of the game being to 'checkmate' the opponent's king by placing it under an inescapable threat of capture. In addition to checkmate, the game can be won by the voluntary resignation of one's opponent, which typically occurs when too much material is lost, or if checkmate appears unavoidable. A game may also result in a draw in several ways, where neither player wins. The course of the game is divided into three phases: opening, middlegame and endgame.

The first official World Chess Champion, Wilhelm Steinitz, claimed his title in 1886; the current World Champion is Viswanathan Anand. In addition to the World Championship, there are the Women's World Championship, the Junior World Championship, the World Senior Championship, the Correspondence Chess World Championship, the World Computer Chess Championship, and Blitz and Rapid World Championships. The Chess Olympiad is a popular competition among teams from different nations. Online chess has opened amateur and professional competition to a wide and varied group of players. Chess is a recognized sport of the International Olympic Committee, and international chess competition is sanctioned by the World Chess Federation. There are also many chess variants, with different rules, different pieces, and different boards.

Since the second half of the 20th century, computers have been programmed to play chess with increasing success, to the point where home computers can play chess at a very high level. In the past two decades computer analysis has contributed significantly to chess theory as understood by human players, particularly in the endgame. The computer Deep Blue was the first machine player to overcome a reigning World Chess Champion when it defeated Garry Kasparov in 1997.

Bowling

 

Bowling refers to a series of sports or leisure activities in which a player rolls or throws a bowling ball. In indoor bowls, the target is usually to knock over pins. In outdoor variations, the aim is usually to get the ball as close to a target ball as possible. The indoor version of bowling is often played on a flat wooden or other synthetic surface, while outdoor bowling the surface may be grass, gravel or a synthetic surface. The most common types of indoor bowling include ten-pin, nine-pin, candlepin, duckpin and five-pin bowling, while in outdoor bowling, bowls, pétanque and boules are popular.

Skateboarding

 

 

Skateboarding is an action sport which involves riding and performing tricks using a skateboard. Skateboarding can also be considered a recreational activity, an art form, a job, or a method of transportation. Skateboarding has been shaped and influenced by many skateboarders throughout the years. A 2002 report found that there were 18.5 million skateboarders in the world. 85% of skateboarders polled who had used a board in the last year were under the age of 18, and 74% were male.

Skateboarding is relatively modern. Since the 1970s, skateparks have been constructed specifically for use by skateboarders, bikers and inline skaters.

Speed skating

Speed skating, or speedskating, is a competitive form of ice skating in which the competitors race each other in traveling a certain distance on skates. Types of speed skating are long track speed skating, short track speed skating, and marathon speed skating. In the Olympic Games, long-track speed skating is usually referred to as just "speed skating", while short-track speed skating is known as "short track". The ISU, the governing body of both ice sports, refers to long track as "speed skating" and short track as "short track skating".

Long track speed skating in Thialf in 2008

Main article: Long track speed skating

The standard rink for long track is 400 meters long, but tracks of 200, 250 and 333⅓ meters are used occasionally. It is one of two Olympic forms of the sport and the one with the longer history. An international federation was founded in 1892, the first for any winter sport. The sport enjoys large popularity in the Netherlands and Norway. There are top international rinks in a number of other countries, including Canada, the United States, Germany, Italy, Japan, South Korea and Russia. A World Cup circuit is held with events in the those countries and with two events in Thialf, the ice hall in Heerenveen, Netherlands.

The sport is described as "long track" in North American usage, to distinguish it from a 111 m oval on an ice hockey rink in short-track skating or on a short-track oval.

International Skating Union rules allow some leeway in the size and radius of curves.

Short-track speed skaters racing through a curve

Main article: Short track speed skating

Short track skating takes place on a smaller rink, normally the size of an ice hockey rink. Distances are shorter than in long track racing, with the longest Olympic race being 3000 meters. Races are usually held as knockouts, with the best two in heats of four or five qualifying for the final race, where medals are awarded. Disqualifications and falls are not uncommon.

The sport originates from pack-style events held in North America and was officially sanctioned in the 1970s, becoming an Olympic sport in 1992. Although this form of speed skating is newer, it is growing faster than long-track speed skating, largely because short track can be done on a regular ice rink rather than a long-track oval.

Golf

 

Golf is a precision club and ball sport, in which competing players (or golfers) use many types of clubs to hit balls into a series of holes on a golf course using the fewest number of strokes. Golf is defined, in the rules of golf, as "playing a ball with a club from the teeing ground into the hole by a stroke or successive strokes in accordance with the Rules."

It is one of the few ball games that does not require a standardized playing area. Instead, the game is played on a "course", generally consisting of an arranged progression of either 9 or 18 "holes". Each hole on the course must contain a "tee box" and a "putting green" with the actual hole, and there are various other standardized forms of terrain in between such as the fairway, rough, and hazards, but each hole on a course and indeed among virtually all courses is unique in its specific layout and arrangement.

Golf competition is generally played for the lowest number of strokes by an individual, known simply as stroke play, or the lowest score on the most individual holes during a complete round by an individual or team, known as match play. Stroke play is the most commonly-seen format at virtually all levels of play, although variations of match play such as "skins" games are also seen in televised events.

Taekwondo

Taekwondo (Korean 태권도 (跆拳道) [tʰɛɡwʌndo]) is a martial art that originates from Korea. It combines combat techniques, self-defense, sport, exercise, and in some cases meditation and philosophy. In 1989, taekwondo was the world's most popular martial art in terms of number of practitioners. Gyeorugi (pronounced [kjʌɾuɡi]), a type of sparring, has been an Olympic event since 2000.

There are two main branches of taekwondo development, which are not necessarily mutually exclusive:

• "Traditional taekwondo" typically refers to the martial art as it was established in the 1950s and 1960s in the South Korean military, and in various civilian organisations, including schools and universities. In particular, the names and symbolism of the traditional patterns often refer to elements of Korean history, culture and religious philosophy. 'Traditional Taekwon-Do' may refer to ITF Taekwon-Do as created by the founder of ITF Taekwon-Do General Choi Hong Hi on April 11 1953; or WTF Taekwondo, founded by Dr Kim Un Yong on May 25, 1973.
• "Sport taekwondo" has developed in the decades since the 1950s and may have a somewhat different focus, especially in terms of its emphasis on speed and competition (as in Olympic sparring). Sport taekwondo is in turn subdivided into two main styles; one is practiced by WTF Taekwondo practitioners, and derives from Kukkiwon, the source of the sparring system sihap gyeorugi which is now an event at the summer Olympic Games and which is governed by the World Taekwondo Federation (WTF). Today, the Kukkiwon, or World Taekwondo Headquarters is the traditional center for WTF taekwondo. The other comes from the International Taekwon-Do Federation (ITF).

Although there are doctrinal and technical differences between sparring in the two main styles and among the various organizations, the art in general emphasizes kicks thrown from a mobile stance, employing the leg's greater reach and power (compared to the arm). Taekwondo training generally includes a system of blocks, kicks, punches, and open-handed strikes and may also include various take-downs or sweeps, throws, and joint locks. Some taekwondo instructors also incorporate the use of pressure points, known as jiapsul, as well as grabbing self-defense techniques borrowed from other martial arts, such as hapkido and judo.

In Korean, tae (태, 跆) means "to strike or break with foot"; kwon (권, 拳) means "to strike or break with fist"; and do (도, 道) means "way", "method", or "path". Thus, taekwondo may be loosely translated as "the way of the hand and the foot."The name taekwondo is also written as taekwon-do, tae kwon-do, or tae kwon do by various organizations, based on historical, philosophical, or political reasons.

Olympic weightlifting

 

Olympic weightlifting, also called Olympic-style weightlifting, or weightlifting, is an athletic discipline in the modern Olympic programme in which participants attempt a maximum-weight single lift of a barbell loaded with weight plates.

The two competition lifts in order are the snatch and the clean and jerk. Each weightlifter receives three attempts in each, and the combined total of the highest two successful lifts determines the overall result within a bodyweight category. Bodyweight categories are different for women and men. A lifter who fails to complete at least one successful snatch and one successful clean and jerk also fails to total, and therefore receives an "incomplete" entry for the competition. The clean and press was once a competition lift, but was discontinued due to difficulties in judging proper form.

In comparison with other strength sports, which test limit strength (with or without lifting aids), Olympic weightlifting tests aspects of human ballistic limits (explosive strength) and are therefore executed faster—and with more mobility and a greater range of motion during their execution - than other lifts. Properly executed, the snatch and the clean and jerk are both dynamic and explosive while appearing graceful, especially when viewed from a recording at a slowed speed.

While there are relatively few competitive Olympic weightlifters (or more simply lifters), the lifts and their components are commonly used by elite athletes in other sports to train for both explosive and functional strength.

Volleyball

 

Volleyball is a team sport in which two teams of six players are separated by a net. Each team tries to score points by grounding a ball on the other team's court under organized rules. It has been a part of the official program of the Summer Olympic Games since 1964.

The complete rules are extensive. But simply, play proceeds as follows: a player on one of the teams begins a 'rally' by serving the ball (tossing or releasing it and then hitting it with a hand or arm), from behind the back boundary line of the court, over the net, and into the receiving team's court. The receiving team must not let the ball be grounded within their court. The team may touch the ball up to 3 times but individual players may not touch the ball twice consecutively. Typically, the first two touches are used to set up for an attack, an attempt to direct the ball back over the net in such a way that the serving team is unable to prevent it from being grounded in their court.

The rally continues, with each team allowed as many as three consecutive touches, until either (1): a team makes a kill, grounding the ball on the opponent's court and winning the rally; or (2): a team commits a fault and loses the rally. The team that wins the rally is awarded a point, and serves the ball to start the next rally. A few of the most common faults include:

• causing the ball to touch the ground outside the opponents' court or without first passing over the net;
• catching and throwing the ball;
• double hit: two consecutive contacts with the ball made by the same player;
• four consecutive contacts with the ball made by the same team.
• net foul: touching the net during play.
• foot fault: the foot crosses over the boundary line when serving

The ball is usually played with the hands or arms, but players can legally strike or push (short contact) the ball with any part of the body.

A number of consistent techniques have evolved in volleyball, including spiking and blocking (because these plays are made above the top of the net, the vertical jump is an athletic skill emphasized in the sport) as well as passing, setting, and specialized player positions and offensive and defensive structures.

Baseball

 
Baseball is a bat-and-ball sport played between two teams of nine players. The aim is to score runs by hitting a thrown ball with a bat and touching a series of four bases arranged at the corners of a ninety-foot diamond. Players on the batting team take turns hitting against the pitcher of the fielding team, which tries to stop them from scoring runs by getting hitters out in any of several ways. A player on the batting team can stop at any of the bases and later advance via a teammate's hit or other means. The teams switch between batting and fielding whenever the fielding team records three outs. One turn at bat for each team constitutes an inning and nine innings make up a professional game. The team with the most runs at the end of the game wins.

Evolving from older bat-and-ball games, an early form of baseball was being played in England by the mid-eighteenth century. This game was brought by immigrants to North America, where the modern version developed. By the late nineteenth century, baseball was widely recognized as the national sport of the United States. Baseball is now popular in North America, parts of Central and South America and the Caribbean, and parts of East Asia.

In the United States and Canada, professional Major League Baseball (MLB) teams are divided into the National League (NL) and American League (AL), each with three divisions: East, West, and Central. The major league champion is determined by playoffs that culminate in the World Series. Five teams make the playoffs from each league: the three regular season division winners, plus two wild card teams. Baseball is the leading team sport in both Japan and Cuba, and the top level of play is similarly split between two leagues: Japan's Central League and Pacific League; Cuba's West League and East League. In the National and Central leagues, the pitcher is required to bat, per the traditional rules. In the American, Pacific, and both Cuban leagues, there is a tenth player, a designated hitter, who bats for the pitcher. Each top-level team has a farm system of one or more minor league teams.

Association football

 

Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a sport played between two teams of eleven players with a spherical ball. At the turn of the 21st century, the game was played by over 250 million players in over 200 countries, making it the world's most popular sport. The game is played on a rectangular field of grass or green artificial turf, with a goal in the middle of each of the short ends. The object of the game is to score by driving the ball into the opposing goal.

In general play, the goalkeepers are the only players allowed to touch the ball with their hands or arms (unless the ball is carried out of play, where the field players are required to restart by a throw-in of the game ball), while the field players typically use their feet to kick the ball, occasionally using other parts of their legs, their torso or head. The team that scores the most goals by the end of the match wins. If the score is tied at the end of the game, either a draw is declared or the game goes into extra time and/or a penalty shootout, depending on the format of the competition. The Laws of the Game were originally codified in England by the Football Association in 1863 and have evolved since then. Association football is governed internationally by FIFA—Fédération Internationale de Football Association (English: International Federation of Association Football)—which organises the FIFA World Cup every four years.

Table tennis

Table tennis, also known as ping-pong, is a sport in which two or four players hit a lightweight, hollow ball back and forth using table tennis rackets. The game takes place on a hard table divided by a net. Except for the initial serve, players must allow a ball played toward them only one bounce on their side of the table and must return it so that it bounces on the opposite side. Points are scored when a player fails to return the ball within the rules. Play is fast and demands quick reactions. A skilled player can impart several varieties of spin to the ball, altering its trajectory and limiting an opponent's options to great advantage.

Table tennis is governed by the worldwide organization International Table Tennis Federation (ITTF), founded in 1926. ITTF currently includes 217 member associations. The table tennis official rules are specified in the ITTF handbook. Since 1988, table tennis has been an Olympic sport, with several event categories. In particular, from 1988 until 2004, these were: men's singles, women's singles, men's doubles and women's doubles. Since 2008 a team event has been played instead of the doubles. In 2007, the governance for table tennis for persons with a disability was transferred from the International Paralympic Committee to the ITTF.

Table

Diagram of a table tennis table showing the unofficial dimensions

The table is 2.74 m (9 ft) long, 1.52 m (5 ft) wide, and 76 cm (30 inch) high with a Masonite (a type of hardboard) or similarly manufactured timber, layered with a smooth, low-friction coating. The table or playing surface is divided into two halves by a 15.25 cm (6 inch) high net. An ITTF approved table surface must be in a green or blue color. Concrete tables with a steel net are sometimes available in public parks.

Basketball

 

Basketball is a team sport, the objective being to shoot a ball through a basket horizontally positioned to score points while following a set of rules. Usually, two teams of five players play on a marked rectangular court with a basket at each width end. Basketball is one of the world's most popular and widely viewed sports.

A regulation basketball hoop consists of a rim 18 inches in diameter and 10 feet high mounted to a backboard. A team can score a field goal by shooting the ball through the basket during regular play. A field goal scores two points for the shooting team if a player is touching or closer to the basket than the three-point line, and three points (known commonly as a 3 pointer or three) if the player is behind the three-point line. The team with the most points at the end of the game wins, but additional time (overtime) may be issued when the game ends with a draw. The ball can be advanced on the court by bouncing it while walking or running (dribbling) or throwing (passing) it to a team mate. It is a violation to move without dribbling the ball (travelling), to carry it, or to hold the ball with both hands then resume dribbling (double dribble).

Various violations are generally called "fouls". Disruptive physical contact (a personal foul) is penalized, and a free throw is usually awarded to an offensive player if he is fouled while shooting the ball. A technical foul may also be issued when certain infractions occur, most commonly for unsportsmanlike conduct on the part of a player or coach. A technical foul gives the opposing team a free throw, and the opposing team is also retained possession of the ball.

Basketball has evolved many commonly used techniques of shooting, passing, dribbling, and rebounding, as well as specialized player positions and offensive and defensive structures (player positioning) and techniques. Typically, the tallest members of a team will play "center", "power forward" or "small forward" positions, while shorter players or those who possess the best ball handling skills and speed play "point guard" or "shooting guard".

While competitive basketball is carefully regulated, numerous variations of basketball have developed for casual play. Competitive basketball is primarily an indoor sport played on a carefully marked and maintained basketball court, but less regulated variations are often played outdoors in both inner city and remote areas.

Kayak

A Kayak is a small, relatively narrow, human-powered boat primarily designed to be manually propelled by means of a double blade paddle. The traditional kayak has a covered deck and one or more cockpits, each seating one paddler. Their cockpit is sometimes covered by a spraydeck (or "skirt") that prevents the entry of water from waves or spray and makes it possible for highly skilled and specially trained kayakers, to roll the kayak: that is, to capsize and right it without it filling with water or ejecting the paddler. In modern kayaks, such recovery methods have been replaced by a preventive approach based on increasing the kayak's stability, and by that reducing the likelihood of its capsize. Many modern kayaks have modified the traditional design in various ways, such as: eliminating the cockpit by seating the paddler on top of the boat ("sit-on-top" kayaks); having inflated air chambers surrounding the boat; replacing the single hull by twin hulls ("W" kayak), and replacing paddles with other human powered propulsion methods, such as foot-powered rotational propellers and 'flippers'. Kayaks are also being sailed, as well as propelled by means of small electric motors, and even by outboard gas engines, when possible.

Sport kayaker at Great Falls, Virginia

Kayaks are often used to get closer to marine animals, for example sea otters

 

In some parts of the world, such as the United Kingdom, kayaks may be considered a subtype of canoes.

The kayak was first made and used by the native Ainu, Aleut and Eskimo hunters in sub-Arctic regions of northeastern Asia, North America and Greenland.